tntp opportunity myth

| TNTP believes our nation’s public schools can offer all children an excellent education. The report is based on a 12-month in-depth observation of 5 school systems, 1,000 lessons, 5,000 assignments, 20,000 student work samples, and 30,000 student surveys. Thanks for your feedback! Act Now! Because of my experience, I found TNTP’s new report The Opportunity Myth troubling but unsurprising. This investment of time can be substantial. You’ll be asked about your beliefs regarding effective teaching, and what you would do in specific classroom scenarios. The “opportunity myth” promises that if students perform well in school—do the work and meet expectations—they will be prepared for success in life. At the heart of this report are real students, their aspirations and dreams, and how school sets them up—or doesn't—to reach those goals. The scope of TNTP’s study is impressive. The Mississippi Department of Education (MDE), Office of School Improvement is offering virtual professional learning from TNTP based on their research on The Opportunity Myth.The MDE Canvas Course titled “Strong ELA and Math Instruction” will allow educators to examine and ensure strong classroom instruction by: Many had worked closely with TNTP, whose report The Opportunity Myth influenced many people’s thinking. Kenya Bradshaw leads TNTP’s work to advocate for lasting policy change that reflects the priorities of students, families, and their communities. The Opportunity Myth ... That’s the opportunity myth. Executive Summary. The Opportunity Myth: What Students Can Show Us about How School Is Letting Them Down -- And How to Fix It TNTP We have been telling students that doing well in school creates opportunities--that showing up, doing the work, and meeting teachers' expectations will prepare them for their futures. She oversees the magazine’s direction, themes, and contributors. For instance, TNTP’s influential 2018 report The Opportunity Myth contrasts eighth-grade English language arts assignments from two different schools. The Opportunity Myth. 2. | TNTP believes our nation’s public schools can offer all children an excellent education. A national nonprofit founded by teachers, we help school systems end educational inequality. viii TNTP. In one study on student achievement entitled The Opportunity Myth, teacher expectations for student success “demonstrated the strongest relationship to student growth” among the key factors that they identified. and how school was preparing them to live those lives— or letting them down. In 2018, TNTP published The Opportunity Myth: What Students Can Show Us About How School Is Letting Them Down — and How to Fix It.The report’s findings were troubling: Students spent more than 500 hours a year on assignments that weren’t rigorous or grade-appropriate and said they were engaged in their classes less than half the time. During a Principals Meeting in October of 2019, we were introduced to a study released from The New Teacher Project (TNTP). TNTP (2018): The Opportunity Myth National Center on Time & Learning (2015): The Case for Improving and Expanding Time in School National Tutoring Programme: Best Tutoring Practices (Briefing for Schools) National Bureau of Economic Research: Can States Take Over and Turn Around School Districts? Identify questions, actions, and considerations to support the discussion of how to best reach all students while ensuring access to a free and appropriate education, the Missouri You’ll also be asked to reflect on the following readings: When Cultures Clash in the Classroom, The Revolutionary Act of Pronunciation, and an executive summary of TNTP’s national report, The Opportunity Myth. “The Opportunity Myth” study indicates there is much work to be done in that area. Arts Assessment for Learning; Assessment and Student Success in a Differentiated Classroom (ASCD) Five “Key Strategies” for Effective Formative Assessment (NCTM) It means that at every grade level, in every district, for students of every demographic background, school is not honoring their aspirations or setting them up for success—in their next grade, in college, and … Nationwide, 40 percent of college students (including 66 percent of Black college students and 53 percent of Latinx ix Gay, G. (2018). Gallery TNTP Opportunity-Myth_Web Educational, reports. / 11 Remediation in Practice: The long runway to grade-level content can widen the achievement gap. Evidence from Lawrence Massachusetts A TNTP report aims to expose what it labels the “opportunity myth” in American education: that while schools purport to prepare students well, they don’t deliver. Priorities and Loyalties A school focuses on productive struggle, so a teacher does not provide students with appropriate scaffolds to be successful. At the heart of this report are real students, their aspirations and dreams, and how school sets them up—or doesn't—to reach those goals. RECOMMENDATIONS. Recommendations. Vice President, Publications | + posts. A TNTP report aims to expose what it labels the “opportunity myth” in American education: that while schools purport to prepare students well, they don’t deliver. In this episode, we discuss The Opportunity Myth: a report by the TNTP dispels the myth that all students have the same opportunity to attain their college and professional goals. anonymous says: July 31, 2019 at 10:04 am. Called “The Opportunity Myth,” a 2018 paper from a New York-based consulting group TNTP followed about 4,000 students and found that most spent about six … “Pasco is actually way out in front, in terms of talking about what we say is the opportunity myth,” said Joe Hettler, a Pinellas County-based vice president for TNTP. Check out this episode to get answers to this question and more! We help school systems achieve their goals for students. (2018). In 2018, TNTP published “The Opportunity Myth,” its findings on a study about students who spent much of their academic time working on assignments that … 2921 E 17th Street Bldg D Box 6 Austin, TX 78702 TNTP | 24.155 follower su LinkedIn. Ready Math - Updates. The Opportunity Myth, which they over-viewed as a component of attending the event. The new report bolsters existing TNTP research. The Opportunity Myth from TNTP was so instructive to this moment. A national nonprofit founded by teachers, we help school systems end educational inequality. *NCES High School Longitudinal Study (2018); TNTP’s The Opportunity Myth (2018) ** NAEP Grade 4 Results (2019); TNTP’s The Opportunity Myth (2018); National Student Clearinghouse Research Center … The Opportunity Myth - TNTP; Virtual Professional Learning (NJDOE) Virtual and Hybrid Learning Environment - Assessment. The Opportunity Myth: What Students Can Show Us about How School Is Letting Them Down -- And How to Fix It. 1 ACES recruits and hires only staff and teachers who can express their high expectations for all students. TNTP - Opportunity Myth Report. Specifically, “The Opportunity Myth” finds that almost three-fourths of the time — 71% — students are doing the work that teachers give them, but less than a fifth of those assignments meet standards for college-readiness. Click here to read it! A national nonprofit founded by teachers, we help school systems end educational inequality. For example, 70% of teachers in Tennessee report spending more than four hours per This lack of access isn’t random. 40 percent of students take at least 1 remedial class in college. In this episode, we discuss The Opportunity Myth: a report by the TNTP dispels the myth that all students have the same opportunity to attain their college and professional goals. Task. We are partners for change in public education. For candidates applying to our Fellows programs, you'll also be asked to reflect on three readings: When Cultures Clash in the Classroom, The Revolutionary Act of Pronunciation, and the executive summary of TNTP’s national report, The Opportunity Myth. The Opportunity Myth. For candidates applying to our Fellows programs, you'll also be asked to reflect on three readings: When Cultures Clash in the Classroom, The Revolutionary Act of Pronunciation, and the executive summary of TNTP’s national report, The Opportunity Myth. Join the 12488 People who have taken the first step to improve students' experiences. In 2018, the nonprofit released The Opportunity Myth, a report on the experiences of 4,000 students in five public school systems that found they spent hundreds of hours each year doing work that wasn’t challenging enough for their grade level. The Opportunity Myth - TNTP; Virtual Professional Learning (NJDOE) Virtual and Hybrid Learning Environment - Assessment. TNTP’s recent study, The Opportunity Myth they found this approach of “meeting students where they are,” though well intentioned, practically guarantees they’ll lose more academic ground and reinforces misguided beliefs that some students can’t do grade-level work. Unfortunately too many are still stuck in below-grade level work, and something … TNTP led attendees through their latest report on outcomes in student achievement, The Opportunity Myth. TNTP first crammed the discussion of education with the Widget Effect, one of those faux white papers that thinky tanks pop out. “The Opportunity Myth: What students can show us about how school is letting them down – and how they can fix it.” Brooklyn, NY: TNTP. Book Study Guide—Catalyzing Change in High School Mathematics 2 Audience: This book study surfaces issues relevant for all teachers across Pre-K–grade 12 and higher education faculty as well as administrators, specialists, and coaches. 16 Responses to The Missed Opportunity Myth. The Opportunity Myth - TNTP … She emphasizes the importance of grade-level goals, and how to ensure you're creating ambitious yet attainable goals for students. We help school systems achieve their goals for students. What’s worse, a growing body of research, perhaps best encapsulated in TNTP’s seminal “Opportunity Myth” report, suggests that reliance on normative growth measures hurts Black and brown kids most because they are pathologized. Podcast – Tequilla Brownie of TNTP on The Opportunity Myth November 20, 2020 December 23, 2020 by Arik Korman In our podcast, we interview policymakers, partners, and thought leaders to spotlight education policies, research, and practices so that together we can create a brighter future for every Washington student. Both charters and traditional districts were represented. cited in The Opportunity Myth, TNTP, 2018. Teacher Project (TNTP). In one study on student achievement entitled The Opportunity Myth, teacher expectations for student success “demonstrated the strongest relationship to student growth” among the key factors that they identified. That’s why there’s a myth, the authors say. This is dramatically different from evidence from TNTP’s Opportunity Myth (2018) report, which found that four out of ten classrooms with a majority of students of … One year after TNTP released its vital report, “The Opportunity Myth,” which found that students who don’t meet grade-level standards often never receive grade-level instruction, TNTP CEO Dan Weisberg joined Joel Rose to shed light on how these findings aligned with findings identified in “The Iceberg Problem.” / 3 - TNTP, Inc. “The Opportunity Myth,” a new report out of The New Teacher Project (or TNTP), is a great example. Choosing the Opportunity Gap. Mark Freed | 10-03-18. This disproportionately impacts students of color, students from low-income families, and students with special needs, or those learning English. That was Toni’s experience. Researchers with the nonprofit TNTP (The New Teacher Project) refer to the challenge facing JCPS (and districts nationwide) as the "opportunity myth." TNTP-COVID-19 SCHOOL RESPONSE TOOLKIT, and . Publications Sweeney, D.L. A national nonprofit founded by teachers, we help school systems end educational inequality. Episode 23: The Opportunity Myth In this episode, we discuss The Opportunity Myth: a report by the TNTP dispels the myth that all students have the same opportunity to attain… By Education Post Of all the students we spoke to, perhaps Maggie explained the opportunity myth most explicitly: “I expect to be getting the knowledge I need to go to college and get a career, to do whatever it is I plan on doing.” It shouldn’t be an unreasonable expectation. The study examined 1,000 students and reported on their lack of preparation for going to college. TNTP.ORG. TNTP might not have been very good at producing teachers, but they quickly became very good at raking in the cash, as educator Thomas Ulican pointed out in 2018. Unfortunately too many are still stuck in below-grade level work, and something … Introduction. Suzanne Bouffard . TNTP’s latest report, The Opportunity Myth, examines the quality of students’ academic experiences in school—and its effect on their long-term success. (2018). Recommended by Gavin: Review TNTP’s The Opportunity Myth Study Recommended by Gavin: Explore the Boston Globe’s Valedictorian Project The Bay State Banner: Boston University professor Travis Bristol studies hiring, retention of teachers of color The Opportunity Myth, TNTP 2018. To accomplish this, teachers need to: è Instruct using high-quality instructional materials (HQIM), giving every student access to on-grade level instruction every day1; è Ask questions and provide tasks that require citations from the text and are sequenced to build knowledge TNTP’s powerful Opportunity Myth report has illuminated how far we have to go as a nation to ensure all students benefit from four critical factors: grade-level assignments, strong instruction, deep engagement, and high expectations.I encourage readers to review the report. TNTP Opportunity-Myth_Web. The new report bolsters existing TNTP research. The "opportunity myth" is the false promise that if students do what they're asked in school, they'll be set up for success—and that if they don't succeed, they must've done something to blow their chance. Math Resources: Great Minds (Eureka/EngageNY) - Updates. | TNTP believes our nation’s public schools can offer all children an excellent education. The Weight of Wasted Time. A national nonprofit founded by teachers, we help school systems end educational inequality. Tell us now, from your seat as an education leader, what you have seen over time from experience and research and practice, what do we know actually does work? Once every few years, TNTP publishes a research report based off of a difficult question or challenge that they’ve encountered. Your support helps us attract and train talented teachers and school leaders, create challenging and engaging classrooms, and work with local communities to adopt systems and policies that help everyone in schools do their best work. The Opportunity Myth Our theme for August will revolve around The Opportunity Myth, a study published by The New Teacher Project in 2018. Shadow Discipline in Texas Schools. TNTP. TNTP. We are partners for change in public education. The New Teacher Project (TNTP) Disrupting the Opportunity Myth. We have recruited or trained more than 50,000 teachers, inspired policy change through acclaimed studies such as The Opportunity Myth (2018), The Mirage (2015), The Irreplaceables (2012), and The Widget Effect (2009), and launched the Bridge Fellowship, our signature program for diverse leaders with bold ideas for public schools. During our plenary session, all convening attendees will have the chance to learn more about TNTP’s recent report The Opportunity Myth: What Students Can Show Us About How School Is Letting Them Down – and How to Fix It. Read on to learn great methods for supporting students through grade … (2018). TNTP - Opportunity Myth Report. Zearn - Updates Interesting report from The New Teacher Project (TNTP) on student perspectives on their goals and opportunities to meet them. The Opportunity Myth points out that this approach of “meeting students where they are” will likely deny access to grade-level content and further put students at risk of falling behind. Open-up (6-8, Math Vision Project) - Updates. In 2018, The New Teacher Project (TNTP) released “The Opportunity Myth,” a report based on following 4,000 students in 5 diverse school systems. By the Hand Club for Kids ; VI. / 3 TNTP_Opportunity-Myth_action-guide_school-leaders Jennifer Carroll posted an update in the group Principal Network 2 years, 2 months ago 3.5.19 TNTP Opportunity Myth The Mississippi Department of Education (MDE), Office of School Improvement is offering virtual professional learning from TNTP based on their research on The Opportunity Myth.The MDE Canvas Course titled “Strong ELA and Math Instruction” will allow educators to examine and ensure strong classroom instruction by: TNTP’s latest report, The Opportunity Myth, examines the quality of students’ academic experiences in school—and its effect on their long-term success. THE OPPORTUNITY MYTH THE OPHRUHNEIHYRMXE 1,000 EEEEEEEEEEEEMHPP IP IT CAN SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVES STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES. experienced teacher or by teachers with minimal certification or licensing. The Opportunity Myth Myth When it comes to slick, pretty education "research," the folks at TNTP know their stuff. TNTP. New York, NY: Author. • Impact on student learning 2 How courses are labeled We are partners for change in public education. TNTP’s latest report, The Opportunity Myth, examines the quality of students’ academic experiences in school—and its effect on their long-term success. In 2018 TNTP’s Opportunity Myth confirmed for many of us we had long feared: our errant over-reliance on leveling created and propagated an access divide. A 2017 study shows that the e˚ect on learning is the same as moving an average performing teacher to one at TNTP_Opportunity-Myth_action-guide_policymakers; V. After School Programs that Emphasize Academic Excellence - Donnita Travis with By the Hand (Presentation and Informational Overview) Attachments. Culturally Responsive Teaching: Theory, Research, and Practice, 3rd ed. In fact, only 44% of teachers expected their students to have success with these standards according to The Opportunity Myth Report (TNTP, 2018). Her daughter received good grades, so Toni assumed everything was going well. We help school systems achieve their goals for students. School-level resources (grade-appropriate assignments, strong instruction, deep engagement, and high expectations) can help students make big academic gains—and prepare them to reach the big goals they have for their lives. First time bachelor degree seeking students taking a remedial class are 74 percent more likely to drop out. The recent report "The Opportunity Myth" argues that many students simply aren't given access to rigorous, on-grade-level materials (TNTP, 2018), findings that echo those in Jeannie Oakes's (2005) landmark book Keeping Track. 2017. TNTP | 25,216 followers on LinkedIn. At a basic level, remediation (or reteaching) means reteaching content from previous units or grade levels that students previously failed to learn. In the recently released research study The Opportunity Myth, students, on average, were provided on-grade-level assignments only a quarter of the time— and the data is even more heartbreaking when we focus on underrepresented students (The Opportunity Myth, TNTP, September 2018). What does the new research on the Opportunity Myth mean for students with disabilities? We’ve known since TNTP’s The Opportunity Myth study that, all too often, only a quarter of students’ time in their classes is spent on activities that are moving them sufficiently toward college and career readiness. We’re asking all adults whose choices affect students’ experiences to commit to unraveling the opportunity myth." Yes No Thank you for your feedback! TNTP’s Opportunity Myth (TNTP, 2018) found that when students missing grade-level knowledge and skills spent 50% of their time on tasks at their grade-level, they gained the equivalent of 7.3 months of additional learning as compared to students that did not receive that access. AUSTIN COVID-19 … Are students failing school, or is school failing our students? By The New Teacher Project (TNTP) ... TNTP partnered with five diverse school systems, rural and urban, district and charter, to listen to students’ views on their educational experiences and observe how those experiences played out in their classrooms. | TNTP believes our nation’s public schools can offer all children an excellent education. TNTP.ORG. The study conducted by TNTP, a nonprofit research and teacher training organization formerly known as the New Teacher Project, concluded that all students tended to succeed on grade-level work, but many students of color never had the opportunity to try. First, we speak with Justin Thach, a high-schooler from Salem, Oregon about his observations of inequity in … Two years ago, after “The Opportunity Myth” was released, Jerde said, Highline began paying close attention to TNTP’s work on acceleration. A TNTP report aims to expose what it labels the “opportunity myth” in American education: that while schools purport to prepare students well, they don’t deliver. The ten students were a part of the Literacy in Grades K-2 Methods course. $1.5 billion spent annually on remedial courses. Lack of access and other equity issues caused by the pandemic will only serve to widen this gap. If our goal is to accelerate learning for those most impacted by the pandemic, we must make the most of the time that we have. Resource 1 Consistent opportunities to work on grade-level content This book study guide can also be tailored to fit your audience. TNTP calls this gap between students’ goals and the messages we send them, “the opportunity myth.” Baltimore-based TNTP has a mission of ensuring that poor and minority students get equal access to effective teachers. While students generally succeeded in their academic assignments, they demonstrated grade-level mastery just 17 percent of the time. Retrieved from https://opportunitymyth.tntp.org . Conclusion. Far too often, Black students, students learning English, and students currently experiencing poverty are repeatedly denied access to grade-level learning (see TNTP’s Opportunity Myth). (2016). “The Opportunity Myth” swells out of our national obsession with bootstraps — do this thing, kid, pass these tests, ... TNTP found that this sort of make-work is rampant in U.S. schools. Educate Texas, the Texas Education Grantmakers Advocacy Consortium, TeachPLUS Texas, and TNTP proudly joined together to host an event focusing on The Opportunity Myth and what it means for schools in Texas. In their 2018 report, “The opportunity myth,” TNTP found that most students spent over 500 hours—approximately six months of their school year—focused on below-grade content. We were tasked with reading an article from TNTP called “The Opportunity Myth” in preparation for the meeting, this is an article that expresses the importance of having high expectations for all students. It includes detailed data drawn from classroom observations and analysis of student work, as well as student … To create a world-class educational system that gives students the knowledge and skills to be successful in college and the workforce, and to flourish as parents and citizens VISION Brooklyn, NY: TNTP. Too many students, TNTP found in a … classroom. The Opportunity Myth: What Students Can Show Us About How School Is Letting Them Down-and How to Fix It. We help school systems achieve their goals for students. Reformsters have been milking the slick-but-hollow "Widget Effect" for years, and now TNTP has whipped up another sure-to-be-referenced-way-too-much "report" entitled " The Opportunity Myth. TNTP that was released in a report titled “The Opportunity Myth.”4 The opportunity myth states that, “Far too many students graduate from high school still unprepared for the lives they want to lead. And yet, most students will find themselves let down. TNTP.ORG. “The Opportunity Myth” study found that one-third of students of color never received assignments that were on grade level, and classrooms with mostly high-income students had five times more high-quality lessons than classrooms with mostly low-income students. TNTP | 25,197 followers on LinkedIn. Guests: Josh Parker (UnboundEd’s recently released Equitable ELA Instruction), Bailey Czupryk (TNTP’s The Opportunity Myth) "At this place in time with all the challenges in education, curriculum is the lever to make sure we're addressing equity. 1 ACES recruits and hires only staff and teachers who can express their high expectations for all students. Fayette County Public Schools Lexington, Kentucky. / 3 Is this topic helpful? The Opportunity Myth. Imagine what’s possible with consistent access to all four.” (TNTP, Opportunity Myth) Teachers and students who are partnering in classrooms across the United States to teach and learn with IM Math curricula are reaping the benefits of consistent access to all four resources. But a recent report by TNTP called The Opportunity Myth has a unique perspective on America’s education challenges: the firsthand experiences of 4,000 students around the country. TNTP's latest report, The Opportunity Myth, examines the quality of students' academic experiences in school—and its effect on their long-term success. People Fund Building. TNTP advises school systems shift from remediation to acceleration, not by First, we speak with Justin Thach, a high-schooler from Salem, Oregon about his observations of inequity in … In effect, it sentences them to lower growth goals, lower expectations, less work and poor outcomes. Arts Assessment for Learning; Assessment and Student Success in a Differentiated Classroom (ASCD) Five “Key Strategies” for Effective Formative Assessment (NCTM) THE OPPORTUNITY MYTH It’s a question that has to be asked because for too many students today, the answer is no. TNTP's latest report, The Opportunity Myth, examines the quality of students' academic experiences in school—and its effect on their long-term success. Meanwhile, in San Francisco last spring, Jeffrey Tsang, a partner with TNTP, tried to problem-solve learning loss before it happened. “Opportunity myth was great content to set the tone of the conference. TNTP | 23,827 followers on LinkedIn. How can so many students be graduating from high school unprepared to meet their goals for college and careers? It's on all of us, not just teachers, to give students better school experiences that set them up for success. What does it mean when colleges report over 40% of freshman require remedial courses? Since the launch of The Opportunity Myth—which has reached more than 100,000 people—Kenya has helped stakeholders across the country act … Opportunity Myth. Professional school counselors : integral stakeholders in the recruitment, retention, and support of African American, Latino, and low-income students in advanced placement The Opportunity Myth What Students Can Show Us About How School Is Letting Them Down –And How to Fix It Summer 2018. TNTP believes our nation’s public schools can give every student a vibrant education that prepares them for the life they want to lead. While more students than ever before are enrolling in college,2 far fewer are succeeding once they get there. Source: TNTP. TNTP | 24,586 pengikut di LinkedIn. This report highlights what they learned and what should be done about it. New York: Teachers College Press. In 2018 TNTP’s Opportunity Myth confirmed for many of us we had long feared: our errant over-reliance on leveling created and propagated an access divide. We are partners for change in public education. They enroll in college and land in remedial courses, or start jobs and discover they’re missing skills they need.” The opportunity BOULDER, CO (January 24, 2019) – A recent report from TNTP, formerly known as The New Teacher Project, aims to expose what it labels the “opportunity myth” in American education: that while schools purport to prepare students well, they don’t deliver. The opportunity myth. Megan shares research related to race and the opportunity myth, and goal setting with students. It paints a dramatic picture of American students being misled by false promises of opportunity, when they could make significant learning gains if they experienced grade-level content, strong instruction, deep engagement, … | TNTP believes our nation’s public schools can offer all children an excellent education. This kind of gap in opportunity to meet grade-level standards is already a pernicious problem in schools and districts. 1 in 4 students spend an average of $3,000 extra to earn their degrees. Inequities have been further exacerbated by remote learning, illuminating the opportunity gap that impedes positive outcomes for historically marginalized groups (Reich, 2020). Mark Freed | 10-03-18. In TNTP’s new report, The Opportunity Myth, we learned that while the vast majority of students (71 percent) succeeded on their assignments, they met grade-level standards on only 17 percent of those assignments. The Opportunity Myth’s Findings. Interesting report from The New Teacher Project (TNTP) on student perspectives on their goals and opportunities to meet them. Different Resources, Different Results. As we found in the research for The Opportunity Myth (September 2018), without access to grade-appropriate assignments, strong instruction, engaging academic experiences, and educators with high expectations, students don’t have an opportunity to reach their goals no matter how hard they try. District Home. Select a School TNTP The Opportunity Myth. **Follow us on Twitter - @InstantRel** On the sixth episode of the Instant Relevance Podcast, Denis (@MathDenisNJ) and Raymond (@blended_math) discuss a new research report from The New Teacher Project (@TNTP) called The Opportunity Myth. Their most recent report is The Opportunity Myth.

Hikvision Entity List, Uninstall External Hard Drive Windows 10, Google Meet Change Recording Location, Samsung Batteries Exploding, Marketing Gimmick Definition, Hpair Harvard Conference 2021, Give A Hand Crossword Clue, Cellular Respiration Live Worksheet Answer Key, Large Gladware Containers, Machair Pronunciation, Possible Pitfalls Of Having An Official Curriculum, Clarkson University Covid Testing, Triple Axle Boat Trailer For Sale, What If Germany Kept Its Borders, Theory Of Process Writing,